Diploma for Children and Young Peoples workforce free essay sample

Understand how duty of care contributes to safe practice. 1. 1 Explain what it means to have a duty of care in own work role. This means being responsible for the wellbeing of young people in our care. To show due care and attention to minimise the possibility of harm, watching out for any potential hazards, and preventing accidents. To put the wellbeing of the young person at the centre of everything we do. To meet the universal standard s that apply to all settings ( Staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic well being). Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals. Duty of care contributes to the safeguarding/protection of individuals by preventing and protecting abuse, weather this be in a physical, sexual or emotional harmful ways. To make sure all children stay safe, health and continue to develop well. We will write a custom essay sample on Diploma for Children and Young Peoples workforce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Help keep respect and dignity preserved. Promote the welfare of children. Know how to address conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between an individual’s rights and the duty of care. Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individual’s rights. An individual refuses their medication. Remind them of why they take the medication and its benefits and again advise them of the risks involved in not taking their medication. If they still refuse ensure this is noted on their Medication administration record and reported in their communication notes and discussed at handover, so others aware if a problem occurs. If the individual insists on doing something which is unsafe or risky that is their choice and you must respect their right, but you have a duty of care and must do all you can to keep them safe and individual’s rights. Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individual’s rights and the duty of care. Carry out a risk assessment to ensure that it is managed as safely as possible. You would need to explain the risks involved to the individual and make sure they understand. You could come to a compromise, to see how they managed, then monitor the situation. All this should be documented including any risk assessment carried out. If the individual still insists you should get them to sign to say they are aware of the risks involved. Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflict and dilemmas. Colleagues and Management Local authorities/regulators Health Services Charities and voluntary organisations 3. Know how to respond to complaints 3. 1 Describe how to respond to complaints. listening to the complaint giving the complainant time and respect recording the information reporting to a senior member of staff accessing the Complaints Policy ensuring the complainant has access to the Complaints Policy ensuring the complainant knows what will happen next. Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints. the Complaints policy is a recorded and documented procedure that is available the complainant is listened to and respected the Complaints Policy is time-based and the complaint is dealt with in a documented time-frame. complaints are normally dealt with by nominated members of staff the procedure is clear Concentrate on the facts by giving the exact nature of the problem Be tactful – abstain making personal comments Recommend a possible and practical solution Be ready and prepared to compromise if possible

Police Discretion When should the law be enforced free essay sample

Every single member of the police establishment is tasked to uphold and enforce the law (National Criminal Justice Reference Service). A large number of these people can be generally regarded as ethical and moral individuals (Austin Peay State University). But sadly, all of them are also burdened with the dipping confidence given them by the public and even lower trust ratings (Austin). Is this the result for the low regard for the ethics as practised by the police? Police officers and officials are expected by the public to conduct themselves in the highest levels of behavior (Tag Gleason, 2006). This task wrests on the concept that the police are the guardians of the law, empowered to apply such force as necessary to enforce the laws and withdraw the rights of individuals in conflict with the law as can be legally proven (Gleason, 2006). Along with the task of enforcing and upholding the law, there are powers given to the police that no one else can encumber themselves with in the performance of their duties. Among these powers that the public has entrusted in the police is the power to take the life of a person if need be and to apprehend erring individuals (Seumas Miller, John Blackler, and Andrew Alexandra, 2006). Police Discretion: A definition Before we discuss what police discretion is, let us seek to define the term discretion and the scope that the term encompasses. The term â€Å"discretion† can be defined as the authority to make policy and practice decisions (The World I, 2004). These powers, broad and all- encompassing as they may seem, must be seen as discretionary in a way (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The qualification of the instance of the use of discretion on the part of the law enforcer must take into consideration several factors, inclusive of the type of offense committed and the possibility that the suspect will not hold himself accountable if summoned by the police (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The instance for the need for police discretion by members of the law enforcement establishment displays the station of the police officer as a professional (John Kleinig, 1996). But in the area of police work, there is still a great amount of befuddlement about the need for the police to exercise this power of discretion and the need to restrain this power (Kleinig, 1996). This area of discretion, lest we forget to mention, also carries with it a choice of what laws are to be enforced and the method of application of these laws (World, 2004). Thus it can be said that the power of the police to exercise discretions will have a profound effect on the individuals that they come across with (World, 2004). The necessity of the policy of police discretion must be framed in that the full application of the laws and the large area of the coverage of the laws will create an unreasonable burden on the manpower capabilities of the police establishment (National). But even if these powers were to be exercised, they would still have to be subject to limitations and qualifications (Kleinig, 1996). Discretion must be considered as an important component of the duties of a public servant (Billy Thompson, 1999). The manner by which that discretion must be researched for a period of time as to manner-whether the orientation is a â€Å"service†, â€Å"watchman†, or a â€Å" legalistic†, or to the personality of the officer; an idealist, optimist , realist or enforcer type (Austin). Police Discretion: Shirking off responsibilities? But it must be accepted that a full and unequivocal enforcement of all statutes is considered to be impossible (Austin). The premise for the exercise of such power is that one individual has to be set free, in spite of the offense (Austin). There are sometimes factors, legal or â€Å"extralegal†, that determine whether the individual will be set free (Austin). Among the legal basis use in determining whether the person will be set free are the reasons that the person gives for committing the offense, the place and danger posed by the person when the offense was committed, and the severity of the crime in relation to the imposed law or standard (Austin). But, albeit considered illegal or extralegal, there are motivations that do seem unethical when these are given as the reasons that police use to consider the release of the person that violated the law. Among them is sexual interest or disinterest in the violator, the ethnic origin of the violator, and the person or identity of the truant (Austin). Aside from these factors, the determination of the ethical basis for the release of the offender is more convoluted (Austin). If we take into consideration the mindset that is prevalent in the police establishment, the possible reason that is considered by the officer in the exercise of that discretion is the respect that the person accords the person in uniform (Austin). Again, the idea that the practice of police discretion is unambiguous, even if the root from which the concept is taken is not (Kleinig, 1996). The term in the English language discretion† finds its roots in the Latin word discretio, which evokes a degree of separation or discernment (Kleinig, 1996). Therefore in this context the person who exercises discretion can be held as one possessing of sound and wise judgement in practical and interpersonal situations (Kleinig, 1996). If the police grapples with a difficult situation and brings about a satisfactory resolution, then the officer is said to have exercised good discretion (Kleinig, 1996). Just Enforcing the Law? But is the role of police just limited or set in the ambit of enforcing the law? Not so, argue some (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). Other responsibilities of the law enforcement establishment are the maintenance of the order in the society and to help in the protection of life (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). In the discussion earlier, the police must be given discretionary alternatives for them to be able to deal with situations especially when two interests collide (Miller, Blackler Alexandra, 2006). The state is tasked with the responsibility and duty to enact laws and make them known to the citizenry (Guillermina Seri). But the argument here is that the state must make the people aware of the punishment attached to the violation of the known laws of the state, and the other violent means of vengeance if the â€Å"unwritten† laws are broken (Seri). Once a police officer orders us to stop for a check, that officer is possessing absolute power when they are in the position of asking us to submit to them (Seri). The tendency of these instances when people come into contact law enforcers often leave the person exposed to the mercurial lines of the police and makes the boundary between the established, written laws and the unwritten statutes blurred (Seri). Police Discretion: Is it needed? As stated earlier, the police cannot be asked to enforce all the statutes and laws that have been enacted for the peoples protection and exercise of their rights (Austin). But in this context, can we accuse the police establishment of shirking off its duty to enforce the law since they can just apply their discretionary prerogatives in deciding who gets free and who gets hit by the book? Duty is the accountability that ones responsibilities will be discharged commensurate to the position; discretion is when that person can choose between options in the performance of that duty (Austin). If the performance of that duty of the police is tainted with other factors, that is when discrimination sets in the decision making of the police (Austin). Some opponents of the practice of police discretion aver that the police must enforce and decide the culpability of the suspects strictly by the dictates of the law (Milan Pagon, 2003). Thus, if the practice is solely dictated by the ambit of the law, then the practicality of police discretion would cease (Pagon, 2003). But the concept is hardly of any use once applied to a field setting (Pagon, 2003). The balance must be struck wherein the force of the law is applied and the eventuality that the person is subjected to cruel treatment (Pagon, 2003). References Austin Peay State University. (n.d.). Topics in police ethics. Retrieved November 7, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/3300/3300lect04.htm Gleason, T. (2006, November). Ethics training for police. The Police Chief   Volume 73,    number 11 Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing.   Cambridge, Engalnd: Cambridge University Press Miller, S., Blackler, J. Alexandra, A. (2006). Police Ethics. Australia: Allen Unwin 2006. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. (n.d.). NCJRS abstract. Retrieved November 7.

Things That You Need to Keep in Mind When You Are Writing a Scholarship Essay

Things That You Need to Keep in Mind When You Are Writing a Scholarship EssayA lot of college students like to submit a scholarship essay as a writing sample because it is quite easy for them to do, and it is one of the best ways for them to show off their writing ability. Of course, some students do not have the aptitude to write a good scholarship essay.But this does not mean that they can't submit a scholarship essay. What they need to do is make sure that they are able to write a good one. There are a lot of things that should be kept in mind if you want to be able to submit a scholarship essay as a writing sample.One of the first things that you need to keep in mind is that the topic of your scholarship essay should be well-defined. The scholarship essay is the first chance that you have to state your exact expertise in the subject matter. Therefore, you should know what you are going to write about.An important thing to keep in mind when you are writing a scholarship essay is t o choose topics that will interest you. You can find out about topics that interest you by doing some research on the internet. You can also look for related topics in magazines or newspapers. All you need to do is to take a look at how other students are writing their scholarship essays and try to incorporate these aspects.Another thing that you need to keep in mind when you are writing a scholarship essay is to make sure that your topic is clear and unambiguous. Make sure that you use a specific language to describe the goals and the benefits of the scholarship that you are writing about. Even if you think that your topic is so much confusing and convoluted, do not try to get it all out on paper.In the midst of writing a scholarship essay, you should make sure that you are not making any mistakes. You should always make sure that you proofread your essay before submitting it. Proofreading is a good way to ensure that your scholarship essay is error-free.Finally, the last thing tha t you need to keep in mind when you are writing a scholarship essay is to be as concise as possible. This will help you to make your scholarship essay more attractive and to attract more people to read it. For instance, you can write a short description about your life, experience, and the things that you have done in the past in a single paragraph.These are just some of the things that you need to keep in mind when you are writing a scholarship essay. You need to remember that no matter how hard it may seem to write a scholarship essay, you should still make sure that you are able to do it.

Evolution Lab free essay sample

Did the construction of the phylogenetic tree based on the 14 living Caminalcules change the way you would group Caminalcules species in your taxonomic classification (chart)? What does this suggest about classification based on strictly of similarity versus evolutionary relationship? The phylogenetic tree was more of an evolutionary tree. It showed the evolution of the organisms and their ancestors or traits that they branched off of. The chart however just simply organizes and separates the organisms in similarity. The tree did not change the chart, the chart see similarities with structures between the modern day organisms and the tree shows their evolutionary linage. The tree reflected our taxonomic classification. 2. Did your phylogenetic tree based on the 14 living Caminalcules differ from the phylogenetic tree based all Caminalcules, both living and fossil? Which do you have more confidence in? What do fossils add to our understanding of Caminalcules evolution in terms of rates and direction of evolutionary change? The two trees were fairly different. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is due to the more amount of information that was provided via the fossils. The tree with all the caminialcules clearly showed when a characteristic dies off and a characteristic moves on. We are more confident in the tree with both living and fossil because it allowed us to see where the traits of the organisms died off or moved on. The fossils showed us that when a key trait stays in an organism it lets us to predict the direction of the evolutionary change when looking at modern day organisms. 3. Identify the most recent ancestor of any two species. (e. g. pecies 5 is the most recent ancestor of species 2 and species 4) species 75 is the most recent ancestor of species 4 and 3 4. You will notice that some lineages branched many times and are represented by many living species. Provide an example from your phylogenic tree of this rapid diversification. Species 43 branched off to 8 different modern day species. 5. Some lineages (e. g. the descendants of species 58) changed very little over time. A good example of this would be â€Å"living fossils† like the horseshoe crab or cockroach. Provide an example from your phylogenic tree of evolutionary stasis. Discuss the ecological conditions that might result in this sort of long-term evolutionary stasis. An example of evolutionary stability would be species 13, the species survived more than 13 million years and now is a â€Å"living fossil†. The ability for the species to reproduce and survive in an area means a there is no need for the species to evolve. Unchanging ecological conditions results in this long term stasis. 6. Some Caminalcules went extinct without leaving descendents. In the real world, what characteristic of a species (not of their enivornment) might increase the probability of a species going extinct? The ecological conditions might have changed quickly and the species was not able to adapt to those conditions, which eventually lead the species to go extinct. 7. Find two examples of convergent evolution among the Caminalcules. This means finding cases where two or more species have a similar characteristic that evolved independently in each lineage. The wings of bats, birds and bees is an example of convergence since the three groups did not inherit the characteristic from their common ancestor. Write your answers in complete sentences (e. g. Species x and y both have   but their most recent common ancestor, z, did not†). The claws of species 3 and 12 (their most recent common ancestor, species 46, did not have claws) The wings of 61 and 51 and of 19 and 20. 8. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are ex amples of vestigial structures in humans. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species? evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species. The reduced tail of species 3 and the reduced number of digit or finger of species 35 and 66. Vestigial structures provide a lot of clues, since it is a trait that has been carried on for generations, it can be linked back to their ancestors when looking at fossils. A human vestigial structure can be the 6th finger, which is a dominant trait, but due to natural selection it is rarely seen. The male nipple is another example of a virtually useless organ or structure.

Sunita Williams Essays

Sunita Williams Essays Sunita Williams Essay Sunita Williams Essay sSunita Williams (born September 19, 1965) is a United States Naval officer and a NASA astronaut. [1] She was assigned to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 14 and then joined Expedition 15. She holds the record of the longest spaceflight (195 days) for female space travelers. She was born in Euclid, Ohio to Dr. Deepak Pandya and Bonnie Pandya. Her parents now reside in Falmouth, Massachusetts. Deepak Pandya is a famous neuroanatomist. Williams roots on her fathers side go back to Gujarat in India and she has been to India to visit her fathers family. She is also of Slovene descent from her mothers side. [3] Williams is married to Michael Williams. The two have been married for more than 20 years, and both flew helicopters in the early days of their careers. Her recreational interests include running, swimming, biking, triathlons, windsurfing, snowboarding and bow hunting. She is an avid Boston Red Sox fan. She has a pet Jack Russell Terrier named Gorby which was featured with her on the Dog Whisperer television show on the National Geographic Channel on November 12, 2010. Williams attended Needham High School in Needham, Massachusetts, graduating in 1983. She went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in Physical science from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1987, and a Master of Science degree in Engineering Management from Florida Institute of Technology in 1995 STS-116 Williams was launched to the International Space Station with STS-116, aboard the shuttle Discovery, on December 9, 2006 to join the Expedition 14 crew. In April 2007, the Russian members of the crew rotated, changing to Expedition 15. Among the personal items Williams took with her to the International Space Station (ISS) were a copy of the Bhagavad Gita, a small figurine of Ganesha and some samosas. [9] [edit] Expeditions 14 and 15 After launching aboard Discovery, Williams arranged to donate her pony tail to Locks of Love. The haircut by fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham occurred aboard the International Space Station and the ponytail was brought back to earth with the STS-116 crew. [10] Williams performed her first extra-vehicular activity on the eighth day of the STS-116 mission. On January 31, February 4, and February 9, 2007, she completed three spacewalks from the ISS with Michael Lopez-Alegria. During one of these walks a camera became untethered, probably due to failure of the attaching device, and floated off to space, before Williams could react. [11] On the third spacewalk, Williams was outside the station for 6 hours 40 minutes to complete three space walks in nine days. She has logged 29 hours and 17 minutes in four space walks, eclipsing the record held by Kathryn C. Thornton for most spacewalk time by a woman. 1][2] On December 18, 2007, during the fourth spacewalk of Expedition 16, Peggy Whitson surpassed Williams, with a cumulative EVA time of 32 hours, 36 minutes. [12][13] In early March 2007 she received a tube of wasabi in a Progress spacecraft resupply mission in response to her request for more spicy food. Opening the tube, which was packaged at one atmospheric pressure, the gel-like paste was forced out in the lower-pressure of the ISS. In the free-fall environment, the spicy geyser was difficult to contain. [14] On April 16, 2007, she ran the first marathon by an astronaut in orbit. 15] Williams finished the 2007 Boston Marathon in four hours and 24 minutes . [16][17][18] The other crew members reportedly cheered her on and gave her oranges during the race. Williams sister, Dina Pandya, and fellow astronaut Karen L. Nyberg ran the marathon on Earth, and Williams received updates on their progress from Mission Control. In 2008, Williams participated in the Boston Marathon again, this time on Earth. That same year, on the game show Duel, a question was made from that event. The answers were: London, New York, International Space Station, Paris. The most correct was the ISS. Following the decision on April 26, 2007 to bring Williams back to earth on the STS-117 mission aboard Atlantis, she did not break the U. S. single spaceflight record that was recently broken by former crewmember Commander Michael Lopez-Alegria. However she did break the record for longest single spaceflight by a woman. [1][19][20] STS-117 Williams served as a mission specialist with STS-117, and returned to Earth on June 22, 2007 at the end of the STS-117 mission. Space shuttle Atlantis touched down at the Edwards Air Force Base in California at 3:49 p. m. EDT, returning Williams home after a record 195-day stay in space. Mission managers had to divert Atlantis to Edwards in the Mojave Desert as poor weather at the Kennedy Space Centre in Cape Canaveral forced mission managers to skip three landing attempts there over the last 24 hours. â€Å"Welcome back, congratulations on a great mission,† NASA mission control told Williams and the six other members of the crew soon after the shuttle landed. [21] After the landing, 41-year-old Sunita was chosen as Person of the Week by the ABC Television Network. In December, the network noted, she had her long hair cut so she could donate her locks to help those who lost their hair while fighting an illness. edit] 2007 visit to India In September 2007, Sunita Williams visited India. She went to the Sabarmati Ashram, the ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1915, and her ancestral village Jhulasan in Gujarat. She was awarded the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award by the World Gujarati Society, the first person of Indian origin who is not an Indian citizen to be presented the award. She also visited her cousins home on her nephews birthday. On October 4, 2007, Williams spoke at the American Embassy School, and then met Indian President Pratibha Patil at Rashtrapati Bhavan. [22]

Economics and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics and Finance - Essay Example Another important feature of a developed bond market is that this corporate bond market provides an alternative source for funds used for operational purposes by the private sector other than borrowing from banks or from the equity markets. Debentures, Unsecured Notes and subordinated debts are those securities which are traded and issued on the corporate bond market. Those firms which are running efficiently and successfully can also decide to spread out their activities and start-up new projects. To start new projects the firms need to raise capital. Hence the firm can decide on raising those funds from the bond market as it can be advantageous for the firm in the long run. Understanding the corporate bond market is critical for any company. The following sections give an outlook of the market, on how it functions(the securities which can be issued in the market), the advantages of issuing bonds over other sources such as equity markets and other sources of finance, the types of fi rms that can issue the corporate bonds, the providers of debt and their requirements. The information of the corporate bond markets will help the Board in making informed decision regarding the use of corporate bonds for raising capital to finance the new project which is worth 800 million. Types of securities that can be issued in the corporate bond market The following are the three types of securities that a firm can issue. 1. Debentures A debenture is a type of a document which is not secured by any collateral. Below are the two types of debentures explained? a. Fixed-Charge debenture:. In this type of debenture, a charge is fixed over those assets which are permanent for example fixed assets like buildings. In case the company defaults, these assets are not allowed to be sold until the bondholder has been satisfied in the event of default. The first claim on the assets is of these bondholders b. Floating-charge debenture: In this type of debenture, the charge is floating, that is a charge is issued over assets such as finished goods. Since, these assets are meant to be sold the firm issues a floating charge over these assets. When the firm defaults the floating charge is converted into fixed charge. The bondholders can then take control of the assets. When the claims of the fixed charge bondholders are satisfied, they can claim the remaining assets of the firm. 2. Unsecured Notes It is a corporate bond with no underlying security attached to it. The bondholders cannot claim the assets until the fixed-charge and floating-charge bondholders are satisfied. In the event of default, the unsecured notes holders will be paid last. 3. Subordinated Debt Subordinated debt is that type of a debt which is issued for the long-term and in the event of a default, subordinated debt holders receive after all other creditors. Subordinated debt is closer to equity than debt. It is shown as shareholders’ funds on the balance sheet. It improves the credit rating of the firm. As a result the firm can borrow more easily. Types of firms that qualify for raising direct debt Direct debt can be raised by public limited companies, who can do this by issuing financial securities such as stock and bonds.. These shares can be issued to the general public by means of an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and

Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Essay

Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Into a Contract - Essay Example In some occasions the courts will read a term into the contract even though there has been no agreement. This could happen where the contract would not make sense if the term were not included. Implied terms can be implied by statute or by the courts. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 demonstrates how implied terms are used in contract formation. S12 of this Act implies that the person selling the goods has a legal right to sell those goods. Similarly s13 implies that the goods will correspond to the description if the goods have been advertised in a newspaper or catalogue. There is an implied term regarding the satisfactory quality of the goods under s14. It was decided by the court in Benfield (t/a Autoroute Circuits) v Life Racing Ltd [2007]1 that there was no implied guarantee that a particular outcome would be achieved. The court also found that there was no evidence to prove that the defendant was relying on the plaintiff for such a guarantee. Similarly the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 also have terms which are implied into the contract. Within that Act there is an implication that the services will be carried out with reasonable skill and care, within a reasonable time and for a reasonable price. In the past the courts have allowed claims under this Act where the goods have been of unsatisfactory quality, where the order has been delivered late or where the price is deemed to be unreasonable. In Walker Crisps Stockbrokers Ltd v Savill [2007]2 the court found that there had been a breach of an implied term of the contract that the broker would carry out his duties with reasonable skill and care. However in the case of Evans v Kosmar Villa Holiday Plc [2007]3 the court of appeal overturned the original ruling that there was an implied term that the holiday company would exercise reasonable skill and care in the provision of facilities and service at the