Alzheimer s Disease The Most Prominent Health Issue

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prominent health issue in older adults. In fact, more than 35 million people are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. (D’Aoust, Brewster, Rowe, 2013) Of these individuals, a good portion are taken care of by at home caregivers. These caregivers can described by husbands, wives, mothers, and fathers. â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive illness characterized by impaired cognition, loss of ability in instrumental and basic activities of daily living (aDL), reduced global functioning, and behavioral and psychological symptoms† (Haro, Kahle-Wrobleski, Belger, Agnello, Jones, Reed, Vellas, Wimo, Argimon, Pg. 677, 2014) As the amount of patients with Alzheimer’s disease†¦show more content†¦Both tangles and amyloid protein lead to cognitive impairment due to neuronal death. These also affect neural transmission. Amyloid protein and tangles kill off the healthy neurons. B y killing off these neurons, the brain then shrinks in size. Alzheimer’s disease is also hard to deal with psychologically. Losing the ability to remember events, people and how to live in daily life takes a huge toll on the patient’s psychology. Alzheimer’s is often referred to as an â€Å"end-of-life issue† because of the deterioration of the brain. Due to the neurons and neurotransmitters in our brain, it is highly likely that depression is the result of the brain shrinkage. It is expected that once diagnosed with AD, depressive symptoms will arise from the patient and if not the patient, than the caregiver. There have been several researchers who focus/focused on depression and Alzheimer’s . Depression has been researched along with Alzheimer’s disease because several research studies concluded there was a correlation between the two. It is also a fear of many that depressive symptoms will prevail in patients when Alzheimer’s dise ase is diagnosed. Mormont and his colleagues conducted research to observe anxiety and depressive symptoms after the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. This was done 3 months after the disclosure of the illness. (Mormont, Jamart, Jacques, 2014) It has been

The Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in...

The Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in Modern Society I will discuss the functionalists theories in comparison to those of the Marxist and Interactionists. Functionalists believe that all in society serves a purpose and its a positive function. They also believe that education is a way of achieving in society; it develops people so that it gives them the opportunities in society (workplace). Durkheim believed that in order for children to feel as though they belong in society and for society to work, the education system will enable people to belong to society for example the teaching of certain subjects (transmission of cultural capital) i.e. history, will allow children to†¦show more content†¦Also that school prepares pupils for their place in society through the correspondence theory. Karl Marx believed that there were only two classes the Bourgeoisies - ruling class and the Proletariat - working class. He argued that the education system is a way in which people become alienated into accepting capitalism and are unaware of their exploitation (False consciousness) Other Marxist, Bowles and Gintis believe that the teachers give the orders and the pupils obey. Also that education legitimates social inequality by broadcasting the myth that it offers all equal opportunities, where this is not the case at all. Vocational courses benefited the working class as it trained them and educated them with more skills so that they are able to earn a higher wage in the workplace. Just as the Functionalist view were criticised as are Bowles and Gintis for portraying children as some sort of animals. Teachers are seen as the agents and pipils as the victims. This proves that Marxist views differ to that of the Functionalists. Although there is a similarity as both Functionalists and Marxists link education and the workplace (both structures of macro theories) together and of the values of society, but socializes children into possessing false consciousness about the world. Interactionists deal with the issuesShow MoreRelatedUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere Assess the Contribution of Functionalism to Our Understanding of the Role of Education.1422 Words   |  6 Pagescontribution of functionalism to our understanding of the role of education. Functionalism is based on the view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or value consensus (agreement) amongst individuals as to what values or norms are important in society. Therefore they take a positive view of the education system. As item A suggests they see it as a form of secondary socialism essential to maintaining society i.e. the values and norms transmitted by social institutionsRead MoreDescribe the Functionalist (Emile Durkheim), Conflict (Marxist) and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education.877 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the Functionalist, Conflict and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education. Education - A Functionalist Perspective Emile Durkheim proposed an explicitly functionalist explanation of the role of education in society. The major function/task of education was, according to Durkheim, the transmission of society s norms and values. Durkheim considered that all societies must have means of passing on their norms and values to the young. If they did not, they could not continueRead MoreHow Fair British Education for All1145 Words   |  5 PagesHOW FAIR BRITISH EDUCATION FOR ALL This essay will analyse how education system helps to maintain class inequality in contemporary Britain. In Britain, a good quality of public education service has been promised for all children regardless of ethnicity, race or income. Unfortunately, School League Table and recent surveys show opposite. In 1944, the government passed Education Act which allowed all children to receive secondary education. Children would be selected by ability for differentRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effect On Human Behavior990 Words   |  4 Pagesethos, broad entailing a commitment to the material success goal, to be pursued by anyone, in a mass society that is dominated by large multinational corporations (Messner, 1988). The two argue that it is not only that the economic concern has emerged to dominate culture, but that the society’s non-economical institutions have tended to be subservient to the current economy. The entire educations system, for example, appears to have been driven by the job market, politicians are elected on the economyRead MoreThe Sociological Explanations for Class Inequality Essay example1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Explanations for Class Inequality There is much debate in sociology about whether class is still important. Many argue that class is no longer important as an individuals identity and life chances are based more status and cultural factors such as lifestyle, values, intelligence, education and the like, the post-modernists state that class has ceased to be the prime determinant of identity and suggest that societies are now organised around consumptionRead MoreThe Differential Opportunity Systems Theory1388 Words   |  6 Pagesconventional and criminal values is a community environment. Some of the recent studies have indicated that the specialization degree can be predicated suing a community organization variable. The theories briefly predict that acts should not assume any role they wish too, but that communities that are well integrated provide more property offending illegitimate opportunities, while disorganized communities on the other hand for violent offending, if neither subcultures nor theft exist, retreats crimesRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and sought to analyse the nature of society and the complexities within it using collective theories and perspectives. The construction of a sociological perspective can best be illustrated by the application of several fundamental questions, the responses and explanations of which, produce an insight into why there are differences of opinion. Functionalism and Marxism are two of the most influentialRead MoreSocial Orientation And Social Mobility1008 Words   |  5 Pagesmobility would be achieved through education, for example a person could receive a promotion at work, in which gaining more money, this would then mean that you could go up a social class. (Childs, 2006 PAGE NUMBER) In 2006 there was a call for a ‘classless society’ which would mean that everyone would have the same chances and access to higher education would remove traditional class barriers, giving better opportunities to everyone. There have been three explanations for the persistence of social inequalitiesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Is An Important Tool For Managers Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesought to be and provide recommendations on how this could be accomplished. Traditional organization used to practice Regulatory while new modern organization tends to act Radical. To well organize in budget controlling, new modern organization in today doesn t willing to give a long time for bank credit card s salesperson to hit their sales target. New modern organizations urge to get the results from salesperson whereas the salesperson should hit their monthly sales on time and accurately, if theRead MoreEvaluate the view that the education system in modern industrial society enables the intelligent to succeed. (25)1843 Words   |  8 Pages Evaluate the view that the education system in modern industrial society enables the intelligent to succeed. (25) The way that the education system functions and is set up in modern industrial society allows the intelligent to succeed. Intelligence can be defined as the ability to discover rules, patterns and logical principles underlying objects, events and the ability to apply these discoveries and solve problems (Arthur Jensen, 1973). Intelligences can be measured using the intelligence test

Case Study of Perry Career Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Perry Career Management. Answer: Comparing the traditional career stages with supers and Levinsons stages In the current situation the case study of Perry had been taken into consideration who is a fifty years old man and is suffering from mid-career crisis. In this respect, the traditional career stages have been compared with Supers and Levinsonss stages. Traditional career stages Donald supers stages Daniel Levinsons stages Exploration The exploration phase lasts from 15-20 in which the young people are seen making career choices Growth This stage lasts for 4 to 13 years of age where children develop their capacities, interests and opinions about the world in general (Wang Wanberg, 2017) Pre-adulthood stage The pre-adulthood stage phase ranges from the beginning of life and lasts till 22 years of age where one is looking for meaning in life Establishment By 25 people are seen to be sufficiently established by figuring out the right career choices and are enthusiastic enough with their individual job roles Exploration phase (14-24) Individual develop an understanding about themselves and learn to find their place in the work Adulthood stage The adulthood stage lasts about 45 where one is still trying to push that extra mile in life Mid-career The mid-career crisis starts from the age of 45 onwards as by this time the priorities of an individual are seen to shift Establishment (25-44 years) An individual have secured their position in the place of work and is working towards the improvement of the same. Midlife transition 40-45 years of age , experiencing anxiety as well as evaluating ones choices Late career The late career phase starts from 55 onwards as by thus time the priorities of a person are seen to be in constant conflict with each other; where one does not want to leave the security of personal life by pushing oneself further into the prospects of making career. Maintenance (45-65) Holding up. Keeping up and innovating Late adulthood transition Lasts from 60-65; experiences decline in physical health, feels comfortable in the company of friends Decline A decline in the career prospects is generally noted from the age of 65 onwards owing to the physical limitations a person is mot able to perform any further (Woods, Gentry Graber, 2016). Disengagement (65 years) Planning for retirement and retirement living Late adulthood stage The late adulthood stage lasts from 60-85 years of age. Giving up one ones formal authority in the place of work Comparison of career stages (Source: Author) Relating o Neil and Bilimoria career stages with the case study O Neil and Bilimora suggested a suggested the suitable career stages for women based upon three stages which are -1. Idealistic achievement, 2. Pragmatic endurance, 3. Re-inventive contribution. The idealistic phase is dependent upon establishing self and positively impacting the world (Lytle, Foley Cotter, 2015). In the pragmatic endurance phase a woman struggles due to managing multiple family pressures. In the re-inventive phase an individual develops a redefinition of career and life. Impact of gender on a mans and womans career Gender has been seen to impact the career growth of a man and woman indifferently. The mid life career crisis has been seen to affect the women differently. The women have been see to suffer from pragmatic endurance, where they have been seen to be affected with balancing of multiple family roles which develops a negative attitude towards job from early adulthood such as 35-37; whereas the resentment comes much later in men (Bewley, Bonica, Hernandez Shewchuk, 2016). References Bewley, L. W., Bonica, M. J., Hernandez, S. R., Shewchuk, R. M. (2016). Mentorship Mediated by Life-Career Seasons: An Analysis of a Multi-Dimensional Model of Mentoring among Career Groups of United States Army Officers.Global Journal of Management And Business Research,pp. 105-215. Lytle, M. C., Foley, P. F., Cotter, E. W. (2015). Career and retirement theories: Relevance for older workers across cultures.Journal of career development,42(3), 185-198. Wang, M., Wanberg, C. R. (2017). 100 years of applied psychology research on individual careers: Fromcareer management to retirement.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), 546. Woods, A. M., Gentry, C., Graber, K. C. (2016). Research on physical education teachers career stages and socialization.Teacher Socialization in Physical Education: New Perspectives, 81.

The Political Economy of Housing, and Community Development

Introduction The concepts of housing and community development deal with the various processes and activities affecting the development of land (Adorno 2005, 41). Shelter is a physiological human need, making the issue of housing a matter of concern to many fields in the society today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Political Economy of Housing, and Community Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such fields, which are concerned with the issues of housing and shelter, include, among others, politics and the economy. Community development is related to housing. It involves efforts to improve the various aspects of the environment within which communities exist. It aims at helping members of the community by offering them skills needed to change their localities. Such skills are achieved as a result of the people’s desire to improve their living conditions. In this paper, I am going to explore va rious aspects of the housing industry in the United States of America. In addition, I will address the contribution made by the United States of America government to the Federal Housing Administration. The latter is charged with the responsibility of financing single- families wishing to own homes in various parts of the country. I will analyze how this initiative has helped in promoting social equality in the United States of America (Burawoy 2009, 4). Moreover, I addressed the issue of housing policies and their effects on the lives of people in the United States of America in the paper. Other issues I focused on include the role of housing in community development the role played by housing agencies in a capitalist economy. I fully understand that ours is a capitalist economy, and that is one of the reasons why I sought to analyze how the two concepts of housing and community development interact with the economy. Housing and Community Development As I explained earlier, the two concepts refer to the various processes that influence land development. The processes are characterized by the activities of members of the society as they strive to improve their living conditions (Creswell 2009, 64). I believe that housing and community development initiatives should enhance the quality of sustainable shelters in the society. In addition, such initiatives should enhance equality in the society. The success of the initiatives is determined by how well they achieve the outlined objectives. The housing and community development trend has gained momentum over the years, especially in urban settings. I regard David Harvey as one of the most popular social theorists in the world. He has made attempts to explore political and economic factors surrounding the issue of housing. One of his greatest contributions to this end is in the field of urban political economy. While addressing the issue of urban political economy, David Harvey is particularly vocal on the issue of neoliberalism (Fernand 1995, 93).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He views a neoliberalized political economy as an oppressive capitalist system that benefits a few individuals at the expense of the majority. The oppression brings about the issue of inequality, which is associated with the emergence of socio-economic classes in the society. I agree with Harvey given that these concepts have a bearing on housing in the society. For example, individuals within the same socio-economic class are likely to seek housing within the same neighborhood as a result of homogenous financial status. The Federal Housing Administration is the body charged with the responsibility of providing safe, small, self-contained, and low-cost housing facilities to Americans in suburban settings (Althusser Etienne 2009, 58). The administration came up with housing policies aimed at improving housing s tandards in the United States of America, especially in suburban settings. The central government has over the years funded the Federal Housing Administration to help it meet the various objectives. You will note that the federal government went a step further and insured the loans offered by private lending institutions to individuals wishing to establish suburban single-family homes. However, I note that the success of this initiative is debatable. For example, the initiative spurred large scale construction operations, providing shelters to the citizens. At the beginning, the initiative supported white Americans only. What this means is that the middle class white families benefited more from the initiative compared to colored families. The discrimination was a social injustice considering that the state is expected to help all citizens acquire decent housing, regardless of their racial backgrounds. The practice widened the gap between the rich and the poor in the United States. In addition, the Federal Housing Administration’s housing policies promoted racial segregation among the American citizens (Bloch 1953, 21). I will address this issue from the home owner’s hypothesis, which states that each and every individual is entitled to decent housing. The state is charged with the responsibility of empowering its citizens to acquire these services. There are various housing policies promoted by the Federal Housing Administration. One of them required developers wishing to build single-family units to select locations that exhibited a healthy and growing demand for homes. In addition, the developer was required to select locations with a topology suitable for human dwelling, a location with good infrastructure and with various public utilities (Bourdieu 2011, 69). I am vehemently opposed to some of these policies. For example, most of them favored families living within inner-city neighborhoods. The locations met these standards and qualified for funding. Families living in poor neighborhoods, majority of them black families, were locked out of this initiative. Racial segregation, which resulted from these unjust housing policies, led to the rise of institutionalized racism as members of the society favored their own.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Political Economy of Housing, and Community Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I agree with Braudel (1992, 91) when he says that housing is not only a material commodity, but also a social process. People inhabiting a particular location interact amongst themselves, leading to the development of a community of people. Moreover, the quality of housing has a significant bearing on the productivity of people. Satisfaction derived from proper housing gives the people a sense of fulfillment, putting them in a better psychological condition. They are able to engage in meaningful economic activities. Safe and secure neighborhoods are vital in housing since dwellers enjoy the peace and sense of security associated with it. It improves integration among members of the society. Karl Marx’s reserve army of labor theory is comprised of political economy concepts. The term ‘reserve army of labor’ is used to refer to both the unemployed and the under-employed members of the society (Mian 2009, 1451). The housing industry plays a significant role in labor production. The industry employs millions of people annually. The people provide various services, ranging from those of architects, engineers, foremen, as well as manual workers at the construction sites. The various labor groups created in the housing industry leads to the reproduction of social classes as a result of the varied levels of income among the individuals. It is expected that people will inhabit neighborhoods occupied by people with financial capabilities that are similar to their own. The quality of s ervices offered in these neighborhoods is dependent on the taxes contributed by members of the society (Mikhed 2009, 368). I believe this is the reason why housing is tied to education. Schools are funded using the taxes collected from the people living within the neighborhood where the school is located. Kids from poor neighborhoods end up accessing education that is of poor quality. Housing is vital to community development given that it is linked to a place, as well as the facilities found in that place. People use their skills and available resources to improve their living conditions and the society around them. Proper housing decreases conflicts in the society and strengthens ties in the community (Solo 1999, 118). Henri Lefebvre, a French sociologist, is well known for his discussions on the ‘reproduction of social relations of production’. His slogans serve as a point of reference for many urban revolutionaries today. Reproduction of social relations improves in tegration and ties among members of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Speculations in the housing industry have led to inequalities in the housing sector. The reason for this is that speculations create uncertainties among members of the society with regard to future trends in the housing industry. When such uncertainties occur, people tend to rush to cushion themselves against losses or to maximize profits. You will note that the rich in the society always have an upper hand since they have the resources required to take advantage of the speculations, as well as to influence policies to suit their interests (Bourdieu 1990, 48). The government has supported housing in the private sector through the introduction of subsidies, which are aimed at spurring economic growth and stability. Politics and culture are dependent on time and the people in the society. Housing facilities continue to gain cultural and political value regardless of the fact that the quality may be deteriorating (Grogan 2002, 34). It is my opinion that the increasing value is associat ed with the fact that housing does not lose its cultural elements, such as functionality and structure. Housing issues are blamed for more than 50% of all capitalist crises. The reason for this is that housing is a physiological need for all individuals and families. The industry has many players and it is often characterized by rapid changes, which may lead to crisis. As a result, many poor people in USA cannot afford decent housing. Critical Theory Critical theory is an academic discipline that encompasses concepts and knowledge from social sciences and humanities. It aims to critique and solve circumstances surrounding human existence (Ferguson 1999, 48). Critical theory aims at critiquing and spurring change in the society, unlike the traditional theory, which aims at helping people understand the society. I believe that it is the ‘direct opposite’ of positivist concepts. I will use critical theory to address the issue of housing and community development in USA. Co nclusion As I have explained in this paper, housing and community development deal with the various processes and activities that affect land development. Housing is an important factor in community development (Febvre 1973, 69). Inappropriate housing policies in USA have led to inequality and racism in the society. As a result of the many stakeholders involved in the housing industry, the sector is responsible for more than 50% of all capitalist crises. The issue of housing affects each and every citizen. As a result, the state should make sure that every family has access to decent housing, regardless of its racial background. Reference List Adorno, Theodor. Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords. London: Columbia University Press, 2005. Althusser, Louis, and Balibar Etienne. Reading Capital. London: Verso, 2009. Bloch, Marc. The Historian’s Craft. New York: Vintage Books, 1953. Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Bourdieu, Pierre. The Logic of Practice. London: Stanford University Press, 1990. Braudel, Francis. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: The Structure of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Burawoy, Michael. The Extended Case Method: Four Countries, Four Decades, Four Great Transformations, and One Theoretical Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Creswell, John. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2009. Febvre, Lucien. A New Kind of History: From the Writings of Lucien Febvre. New York: Harper Row, 1973. Ferguson, Ronald. Urban Problems and Community Development. New York: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. Fernand, Braudel. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Grogan, Paul. Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival. London: Westview Press, 2002. M ian, Albert. â€Å"The Consequences of Mortgage Credit Expansion: Evidence from the US Mortgage Default Crisis.† The Quarterly Journal of Economics 124, no. 4 (2009): 1449-1460. Mikhed, Victor. â€Å"Testing for Bubbles in Housing Markets: A Panel Data Approach.† Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 38, no. 1 (2009): 366–386. Solo, Tova. â€Å"Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in the Urban Water and Sanitation Market.† Environment and Urbanization 11, no. 1 (1999): 117–32. This essay on The Political Economy of Housing, and Community Development was written and submitted by user Alejandro Riley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.